One strand of the mature miRNAs binds to miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), which contains DICER1, AGO and miRNAs. In cytoplasm, the pre-miRNAs are recognized by RNase III and DICER1 and further generate the mature miRNA duplexes. The pre-miRNAs are then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by XPO5 and its partner Ran-GTP. The pri-miRNAs are several kilobases long and are processed in the nucleus by microprocessor, which includes DROSHA and DGCR8, to produce the 60-70 nucleotide precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). miRNAs are mainly transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in the nucleus, and the primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) are capped, polyadenylated and spliced. ![]() MiRNAs can origin from the introns or exons of protein-coding genes (about 30%) or the intergenic regions (70%) (Lin and Gregory, 2015). While majority of miRNAs are located within the cell, some miRNAs, commonly known as circulating miRNA or extracellular miRNA, have also been found in extracellular environment, including various biological fluids and cell culture media. MiRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by RNA silencing in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms and viruses (Ambros, 2004 Bartel, 2004). Regulation of transposon, unknown function Regulation of transposon, protein -coding genes, antiviral defense ◆ Multigenerational epigenetic phenomena in worms ◆ Translational or post-transcriptional repression of transposons HIWI, HILI, PIWI元, HIWI2 MIWI, MILI, MIWI2 PIWI, AUB, AGO3Ģ0–23 Hairpin-structured RNA Drosha, Dicer OHĢ5–31 ssRNA Dicer-independent 2’-O-methyl Table 1 | Small Regulatory RNAs and Argonaute Family Proteins (Suzuki et al., 2012)ĪGO1, AGO2, AGO3, AGO4 AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, AGO4 AGO1, AGO2 AGO proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all the tissues and complex with miRNAs or siRNAs typically 20–23 nt in length (Bartel, 2004 Farazi et al., 2008 Ghildiyal and Zamore, 2009 Kim et al., 2009 Liu et al., 2008), whereas PIWI proteins are specifically expressed in germline cells. Based on amino acid sequence similarities, Argonaute family proteins can be divided into two categories: AGO, named after its founding member in Arabidopsis thaliana, and PIWI, named after the Drosophila protein PIWI (P-element induced wimpy testis)(Carmell et al., 2002). Different kinds of small regulatory RNAs interact with distinct Argonaute proteins. Three major classes of small regulatory RNAs have been identified to date: microRNAs (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) and short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) (Table 1). They are 20-31 nt in length and interact with Argonaute family proteins to form effector ribonucleoprotein complexes. Small regulatory RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in activation or inhibition of cellular processes. CircRNA Epitranscriptomic Array Services.mRNA&LncRNA Epitranscriptomic Array Services. ![]() mRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array (H).Canonical Conserved miRNA PCR Array (H).Pre-designed Functional LncRNA Primer Sets.tRF&tiRNA Pretreatment&First-Strand cDNA Synthesis.tRNA Pretreatment&First-Strand cDNA Synthesis.Modification Analysis Service - Other RNA Classes.MeRIP-qPCR Service - LncRNA/mRNA/CircRNA.MazF qPCR Service - LncRNA/mRNA/CircRNA.(h)MeDIP-Seq Service with LncRNA Promoter Analysis.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |